Origins of common Phrases ... Thx T.J. D and sister, Sarah R!

A SHOT OF WHISKEY In the old west a .45 cartridge for a six-gun cost 12 cents,  so did a glass of whiskey. If a cowhand was low on cash he would often give the  bartender a cartridge in exchange for a drink. This became known as a "shot" of  whiskey. THE WHOLE NINE YARDS American fighter planes in WW2 had machine guns that were fed  by a belt of cartridges. The average plane held belts that were 27 feet (9  yards) long. If the pilot used up all his ammo he was said to have given it the  whole nine yards. BUYING THE FARM This is synonymous with dying. During WW1 soldiers were given  life insurance policies worth $5,000. This was about the price of an average  farm so if you died you "bought the farm" for your survivors. IRON CLAD CONTRACT This came about from the ironclad ships of the Civil War. It  meant something so strong it could not be broken. PASSING THE BUCK / THE BUCK STOPS HERE Most men in the early west carried a jack knife made by the  Buck knife company. When playing poker it as common to place one of these Buck  knives in front of the dealer so that everyone knew who he was. When it was time  for a new dealer the deck of cards and the knife were given to the new dealer.  If this person didn't want to deal he would "pass the buck" to the next player.  If that player accepted then "the buck stopped there". RIFF RAFF The Mississippi River was the main way of traveling from north  to south. Riverboats carried passengers and freight but they were expensive so  most people used rafts. Everything had the right of way over rafts which were  considered cheap. The steering oar on the rafts was called a "riff" and this  transposed into riff-raff, meaning low class. COBWEB The Old English word for "spider" was "cob" SHIP STATE ROOMS Traveling by steamboat was considered the height of comfort.  Passenger cabins on the boats were not numbered. Instead they were named after  states. To this day cabins on ships are called staterooms. SLEEP TIGHT Early beds were made with a wooden frame. Ropes were tied  across the frame in a criss-cross pattern. A straw mattress was then put on top  of the ropes. Over time the ropes stretched, causing the bed to sag. The owner  would then tighten the ropes to get a better night's sleep. SHOWBOAT These were floating theaters built on a barge that was pushed  by a steamboat. These played small town along the Mississippi River. Unlike the  boat shown in the movie "Showboat" these did not have an engine. They were gaudy  and attention grabbing which is why we say someone who is being the life of the  party is "showboating". OVER A BARREL In the days before CPR a drowning victim would be placed face  down over a barrel and the barrel would be rolled back and forth in a effort to empty the lungs of water. It was rarely effective. If you are over a barrel you  are in deep trouble. BARGE IN Heavy freight was moved along the Mississippi in large barges pushed by steamboats. These were hard to control and would sometimes swing into piers or other boats. People would say they "barged in". HOGWASH Steamboats carried both people and animals. Since pigs smelled  so bad they would be washed before being put on board. The mud and other filth  that was washed off was considered useless "hog wash". CURFEW The word "curfew" comes from the French phrase "couvre-feu",  which means "cover the fire". It was used to describe the time of blowing out  all lamps and candles. It was later adopted into Middle English as "curfeu",  which later became the modern "curfew". In the early American colonies homes had  no real fireplaces so a fire was built in the center of the room. In order to  make sure a fire did not get out of control during the night it was required  that, by an agreed upon time, all fires would be covered with a clay pot  called-a "curfew". BARRELS OF OIL When the first oil wells were drilled they had made no  provision for storing the liquid so they used water barrels. That is why, to  this day, we speak of barrels of oil rather than gallons. One barrel of oil is 42 gallons as opposed to a 55 gallon “drum”. HOT OFF THE PRESS As the paper goes through the rotary printing press friction  causes it to heat up. Therefore, if you grab the paper right off the press it's  hot. The expression means to get immediate information.