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Graphene Markets, Technologies and Opportunities 2013-2018
Graphene Markets, Technologies and Opportunities 2013-2018
Covering forecasts by application and manufacturing technology appraisal
By Dr Khasha Ghaffarzadeh and Cathleen Thiele
"100 million dollars worth of graphene will be sold in 2018"
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Description
Graphene is a hot topic. It promises to offer the best possible material
properties in almost all applications. Its extraordinary performance
has led many to call it the 'superlative' or 'wonder' material. The
reality however is different and this report diligently separates hype
from reality using our detailed understanding of the graphene technology
and industry.
IDTechEx forecasts that 100 million dollars of graphene will be sold in
2018 into a range of applications, including RFID, smart packaging,
supercapacitors, composites, ITO replacement, sensors, logic and memory,
etc.
For each market segment, the forecasts are provided by both value and
mass. The forecast models are based on (a) our detailed market knowledge
at application level, (b) our critical assessment of graphene's value
proposition per target market, and (c) existing and projected commercial
activity at company level. Our knowledge base was built up by
interviewing relevant players across the industry and tracking and
interpreting the latest around the globe.
IDTechEx finds that there is no single graphene, but there are different
types of graphene. Each type has a different microstructure, layer
number, oxygen content, etc. And each type offers a different set of
properties therefore targeting a different set of markets.
Total market divided by application*
*For further information please refer to the report
Source: IDTechEx
Graphene can be manufactured using a variety of techniques. IDTechEx
critically assesses the potential volume production capability, cost
structure, and graphene quality for each technique. Here, we evaluate
mechanical micro-cleavage, chemical vapour deposition, liquid-phase
exfoliation, oxidisation-reduction and various plasma approaches.
The value proposition of each type of graphene for each target market is
critically assessed. Beyond R&D, the markets examined include
high-performance composites, smart packaging, RFID, energy storage
including supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries, sensors, touch
screens and other ITO replacement opportunities, etc. For each
application, the state of technology development and approximate market
development time scale is determined.
For each market segment, the main go-to-market strategies are presented
and analysed. Where appropriate, the incumbent and emerging rival
materials are identified and examined. These materials include carbon
black, carbon fibre, graphite, carbon nanotubes, silver nanowires, ITO,
silver flakes, copper nanoparticles, aluminium, silicon, GaAs, ZnO, etc.
In many cases, graphene-enabled performance premiums are evaluated.
These give space for premium pricing.
In our assessment, a critical link between the manufacturing technique,
graphene quality, and accessible potential target markets is
established. This way, companies can be sorted by their size and
maturity of potential addressable target markets.
Detailed company profiles are provided. In many cases, the profiles are
compiled using direct interviews with decision-makers within the
companies. For each company, detailed insight is given into their state
of the technology, target markets, assets and business strategy. Using
our insight, an overall picture of the emerging graphene industry, from
an investment and revenue prospective, is constructed.
Who should buy this report?
Players active in:
Commercialising graphene and carbon nanotubes
Providing materials that graphene will rival including silver
nanowires, silver nanoparticles, ITO, carbon black, carbon fibre, etc
Assessing the use of graphene as additive in composites and epoxies
Developing transparent conductors and alternatives to ITO
Feeding into the graphene supply chain including graphite miners
Producing and using conductive inks, particularly for smart
packaging applications
Assessing options for RFID inks
Providing energy storage solutions including batteries and
supercapacitors
Developing transistors including printed ones
Investing in emerging technologies
Analyst access from IDTechEx
All report purchases include up to 30 minutes telephone time with an
expert analyst who will help you link key findings in the report to the
business issues you're addressing. This needs to be used within three
months of purchasing the report.
Further information
If you have any questions about this report, please do not hesitate to
contact our report team at Research@IDTechEx.com or call Clare on +44
(0) 1223 813 703 for queries based in EMEA or Raoul on +1 617 577 7890
for queries based in the Americas, Spain or ROW.
Table of Contents
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1. Ideal graphene vis-à-vis reality
1.2. Attributes of graphene manufacturing techniques
1.3. The state of the industry and best way going forward
1.4. Markets overview and forecasts
2. GRAPHENE - THE WONDER MATERIAL?
2.1. What is graphene?
2.2. Why is graphene so great?
3. THERE ARE MANY TYPES OF GRAPHENE
4. COST-EFFECTIVE AND SCALABLE MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUE IS THE HOLY GRAIL
5. THE STATE OF INVESTMENT, PRODUCTION AND REVENUE IN THE GRAPHENE
MARKET
6. MOVING UP THE VALUE CHAIN IS CRITICAL
6.1. Who will be the winner in the graphene space?
7. THE IP ACTIVITY IS MOVING FROM THE MANUFACTURING SIDE TO COVER END
USES
8. REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDE
8.1. Manufacturing details- process, material set, scalability, cost,
quality, etc
8.2. Reduction methods
8.3. Assessment and market view
8.4. Companies
8.5. Pros and cons
9. CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION
9.1. Manufacturing details- process, material set, scalability, cost,
quality, etc
9.2. Transfer
9.3. Assessment and market view
9.4. Companies
9.5. Pros and cons
10. LIQUID PHASE EXFOLIATION
10.1. Manufacturing details- process, material set, scalability, cost,
quality, etc
10.2. Assessment and market view
10.3. Companies
10.4. Pros and cons
11. PLASMA
11.1. Manufacturing details- process, material set, scalability, cost,
quality, etc
11.1.1. Plasma Approach I
11.1.2. Plasma Approach II
11.2. Assessment and market view
11.3. Companies
11.4. Pros and cons
12. A GENERAL MARKET OVERVIEW
12.1. Graphene markets- target markets, go-to-market strategy, the
interplay between manufacturing technique and application, etc
12.2. Assessment for graphene target markets
12.3. Application/product development lifecycle per market segment
13. GRAPHENE FUNCTIONAL INKS- WHAT IS THEIR MARKET POSITION?
13.1. Which applications/market segments will benefit?
13.2. Assessment
13.3. Conclusion
14. GRAPHENE- DOES IT HAVE A FUTURE AS AN ACTIVE CHANNEL IN TRANSISTORS?
14.1. Graphene- are they good for transistors?
14.1.1. Digital Applications
14.1.2. Analogue/RF Electronics
14.1.3. Large Area Electronics- a comparison with other thin film
transistor technologies
14.2. Conclusions
15. GRAPHENE IN POLYMERIC COMPOSITES- THE LARGEST NEAR-TERM OPPORTUNITY
FOR GRAPHENE
15.1. Graphene/polymeric composites
15.2. Is there an added value or performance enhancement?
15.3. Which applications/market segments will benefit?
15.4. Our assessment
15.5. Conclusions
16. GRAPHENE - HAS IT POTENTIAL IN LITHIUM-ION OR RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM
METAL BATTERIES?
16.1. Is there an added value or performance enhancement?
16.2. Does graphene add value or improve performance when added to
epoxy, polyester, PVA, PANI, polycarbonates, PET, PVDA, PDMS, rubber,
etc
17. GRAPHENE- A WINNER REPLACEMENT FOR ITO?
17.1. What markets require a transparent conductor?
17.2. Why is ITO dominant and why replace it?
17.3. Is ITO the only doped metal oxide used in the industry?
17.4. Is graphene the only material trying to replace ITO?
17.5. Is there an added value or performance enhancement?
17.6. Graphene does offer flexibility- is that good enough?
17.7. How does graphene compare against other transparent conductors?
17.8. Assessment
17.9. Conclusions
18. GRAPHENE - DOES IT DELIVER VALUE IN SUPERCAPACITOR?
18.1. Supercapacitors- technology and markets
18.2. Is there an added value or performance enhancement?
18.3. Assessment
18.4. Conclusions
19. GRAPHENE FUNCTIONAL INKS IN RFID TAGS
19.1. The big picture - number of tags, classifications, price tags
19.2. What are the material options for RFID tags and how do they
compare?
19.3. Does graphene deliver a value in this crowded market?
19.4. Market shares
20. SUMMARY - FORECASTS AND ASSESSMENT
20.1. Forecast per sector by mass, market share and value
20.1.1. Smart Packaging
20.1.2. ITO replacement
20.1.3. RFID
20.1.4. R&D
20.1.5. High-strength composite
20.1.6. Supercapacitors
21. COMPANY INTERVIEWS
21.1. Cheaptubes, USA
21.2. Durham Graphene Science, UK
21.3. Grafen, Turkey
21.4. Graphenea, Spain
21.5. Graphene Frontiers, USA
21.6. Graphene Industries, UK
21.7. Graphene Laboratory, USA
21.8. Graphene Nano, Spain
21.9. Graphene Square, Korea
21.10. Graphene Technologies, USA
21.11. Haydale, UK
21.12. Incubation Alliance, Japan
21.13. Nanoinnova, Spain
21.14. Showa Denko, Japan
21.15. Sony, Japan
21.16. University of Cambridge, UK
21.17. University of Exeter, UK
21.18. Vorbeck, USA
21.19. XG Sciences, USA
21.20. Xolve, USA
22. COMPANY PROFILES
22.1. AMO GmbH, Germany
22.3. BASF, Germany
22.4. Carben Semicon Ltd, Russia
22.5. Carbon Solutions, Inc., USA
22.6. Catalyx Nanotech Inc. (CNI), USA
22.7. Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI), USA
22.8. Grafoid, Canada
22.9. GRAnPH Nanotech, Spain
22.10. Graphene Energy Inc., USA
22.11. Graphensic, Sweden
22.12. Harbin Mulan, China
22.13. HDPlas, USA
22.14. HRL Laboratories, USA
22.15. IBM, USA
22.16. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), USA
22.17. Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Germany
22.18. Nanostructured & Amorphous Materials, Inc., USA
22.19. Pennsylvania State University, USA
22.20. Quantum Materials Corp, India
22.21. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), USA
22.22. Rice University, USA
22.23. Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, USA
22.24. Samsung Electronics, Korea
22.25. Sungkyunkwan University Advanced Institute of Nano Technology
(SAINT), Korea
22.26. University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), USA
22.27. University of Manchester, UK
22.28. University of Princeton, USA
22.29. University of Southern California (USC), USA
22.30. University of Texas at Austin, USA
22.31. University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
APPENDIX: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS AND CONSULTANCY
TABLES
1.1. Summary of manufacturing technique attributes including, material
sets, graphene quality, target markets and players
1.2. Markets- assessment of value proposition and incumbent rival
materials
2.1. Graphene vs. carbon nanotubes
8.1. Different reduction techniques for oxidised graphite or graphene
8.2. Comparison of graphene properties obtained using different
reduction techniques
8.3. Companies commercialising RGO graphene
8.4. Pros and cons of RGO graphene
9.1. Carbon solubility of different metals
9.2. Companies commercialising CVD graphene
9.3. Pros and cons of graphene
10.1. List of suitable organic solvents for exfoliating graphene
10.2. Companies commercialising liquid-phase exfoliated graphene
10.3. Pros and cons of commercialising liquid-phase exfoliated graphene
11.1. Companies commercialising plasma graphene
11.2. Pros and cons of plasma graphene
12.1. Primary target markets
13.1. Outlining and assessing target markets for functional graphene
inks
14.1. Comparison and assessment of material options for thin film
transistors
15.1. A comprehensive table collecting and showing latest results on how
adding graphene to various polymers will enhance their electrical,
thermal and mechanical properties
15.2. Potential target markets that will benefit from graphene
composites
17.1. Examples of products requiring transparent conductors
17.2. Pros and cons of ITO.
17.3. Which transparent conductors are used in thin film photovoltaic
applications
17.4. A critical assessment of different printable conductive ink
options and their corresponding target markets
17.5. Pros and cons of each manufacturing technique for serving the ITO
replacement market
17.6. Are silver nanowires and fine silver grids suitable for ITO
replacement
18.1. Examples of supercapacitor and supercabattery applications
envisaged by suppliers
18.2. Reported values of graphene-enabled specific capacitance and power
density
18.3. Assessing the value proposition for graphene in different
supercapacitor applications
19.1. Different RFID bands- frequency, range
19.2. Comparison and assessment of different ink options for printed
antennas
20.2. Graphene markets in smart packaging including mass, unit number,
market share, and market value
20.3. Graphene markets in ITO replacement including market share and
market value
20.4. Graphene markets in RFID including market share, market value,
mass and unit number
20.5. Graphene markets in academic R&D including market share and
market value
20.6. Graphene markets in the high-strength composite market including
total addressable market, market share, and market value
20.7. Supercapacitors market- electrical applications.
20.8. Supercapacitors market- electronic applications
20.9. Sensors market
20.10. Sensors market - electronic applications only
FIGURES
1.1. Illustrating how the many manufacturing techniques affect graphene
quality, cost, scalability and accessible market
1.2. Estimating amount of investment in graphene companies (by company)
1.3. Estimating amount of revenue in the graphene industry by company.
In million USD
1.4. Market forecast for graphene in different applications between
2012-2018
1.5. Market value per application in 2012, 2015 and 2018
2.1. Examples of graphene nanostructures
3.1. Different graphene types available on the market
3.2. Illustrating how the many manufacturing techniques affect graphene
quality, cost, scalability and accessible market
4.1. Mapping out different manufacturing techniques as a function of
graphene quality, cost, accessible market and scalability
5.1. The state of technology company development in the graphene space
5.2. Estimating amount of investment in graphene companies
5.3. Estimating amount of revenue in the graphene industry by company
(US$ million)
5.4. Mapping the link between universities and various start-ups in the
graphene space.
6.1. A basic illustration of graphene value chain from precursor to end
product
7.1. Graphene patents filed by year and by patent authority
7.2. Patent filing by company or institution and by patent authority
8.1. Structural changes when going from graphite to graphite oxide and
graphene
8.2. Oxidisation reduction damages the graphene lattice
8.3. Sheet resistance as a function of transmittance for different RGO
graphenes
8.4. Market position for RGO graphene on a performance cost map.
9.1. CVD manufacturing process flow
9.2. Example of large-sized cylindrical copper furnace
9.3. How are graphene sheets transferred and stamped
9.4. Roll-to-roll transfer of graphene sheets on flexible substrates
9.5. Market position of CVD graphene on a performance-price map
10.1. From natural graphene to inkjet ink via liquid-phase exfoliation
10.2. Liquid-phase exfoliation
10.3. Market position of liquid-phase exfoliated graphene on a
performance-price map
12.1. Product development timeline per application sector
14.1. Cut-off frequency as a function of channel length for different
active channels and Degradation output characteristics of graphene
transistors
16.1. Graphene supercapacitors on Ragone plots
17.1. Transmission as a function of wavelength for SWCNT, graphene and
ITO
17.2. Examples of graphene-enabled touch screens
17.3. Best of class performance (sheet resistance vs transmission) of
treated graphene oxide.
17.4. Best of class performance (sheet resistance vs transmission) for
CVD graphene.
17.5. Graphene is mechanically flexible
17.6. Examples of flexible transparent conductors realised using
non-graphene materials. These materials include PDOT:PSS, CNT, Silver
nanoparticle, silver nanowire, etc
17.7. A cost and performance assessment for different transparent
conductors
18.1. Schematic of a supercapacitor structure
18.2. Graphene supercapacitors on Ragone plots
18.3. Assessing the value proposition for graphene in different
supercapacitor applications
19.1. Examples of RFID antennas in 125KHz, 33.56 MHZ, UHF and 2.45GHZ
bands
19.2. Examples of HF antennas
19.3. The approximate cost breakdown of different components in a
typical UHF RF ID tag
19.4. RF ID tags growth
19.5. Cost projection for antennas made using different materials
(material costs only)
19.6. Example of roll-to-roll printed graphene RFID tags by Vorbeck
19.7. Market share for each material or ink option in the RFID tag
business
20.1. Market forecast for graphene in different applications between
2012-2018
20.2. Market value per application in 2012, 2015 and 2018
22.1. IBM has patterned graphene transistors with a metal top-gate
architecture (top) fabricate on 2-inch wafers (bottom) created by the
thermal decomposition of silicon carbide.
22.2. The graphene microchip mostly based on relatively standard chip
processing technology
22.3. Concept version of the photoelectrochemical cell
22.4. This filament containing about 30 million carbon nanotubes absorbs
energy from the sun
22.5. A new method for using water to tune the band gap of the
nanomaterial graphene
22.6. A mesh of carbon nanotubes supports one-atom-thick sheets of
graphene that were produced with a new fluid-processing technique.
22.7. A three-terminal single-transistor amplifier made of graphene
22.8. CNT films from Rutgers University
22.9. Graphene OPV
22.10. The resulting film is photographed atop a color photo to show its
transparency
22.11. Fabrication steps, leading to regular arrays of single-wall
nanotubes (bottom)
22.12. The colourless disk with a lattice of more than 20,000 nanotube
transistors in front of the USC sign
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