THE RIGHTEOUS MIND
Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion
KIRKUS REVIEW
A well-informed tour of contemporary moral psychology.
Haidt (Psychology/Univ. of Virginia;
The Happiness Hypothesis: Finding Modern Truth in Ancient Wisdom,
2005, etc.) lays out a rich landscape of morality, presenting a
cross-cultural, evolutionarily sensible scenario wherein a moral
universe can be shaped from six moral foundations: care/harm,
fairness/cheating, loyalty/betrayal, authority/subversion,
sanctity/degradation and liberty/oppression. Haidt examines, via a wide
array of theories, research and experimentation, how various subsets—for
instance, the WEIRD (Western, educated, industrial, rich, democratic)
group—emphasize one or more of the foundations with respect to group
traditions and evolutionary progress. He explains how he has arrived at
an intuitionist’s rather than a rationalist’s stance regarding the
elemental governing of our moral behavior—a framework with us at birth,
though not deterministic—how our reasoning comes later to justify our
social agenda and how moral intuitions such as loyalty, authority and
sanctity gather such subjective importance and potential evolutionary
value. He arrives at a broad definition of moral systems as
“interlocking sets of values, virtues, norms, practices, identities,
institutions, technologies, and evolved psychological mechanisms that
work together to suppress or regulate self-interest and make cooperative
societies possible.” Haidt finds within Western democracies an ethnic
and moral diversity that is best served by utilitarianism, producing the
greatest total good, and that happiness comes from “getting the right
relationships between yourself and others, yourself and your work, and
yourself and something larger than yourself.”
A cogent rendering of a moral universe of fertile complexity and latent flexibility.